Engineers investigating the raw water reservoir in Fremont, Ohio have discovered some karst. Among other effects, karst can cause seepage, piping, and instability. The engineers’ report from Arcadis recommend a composite liner system (HDPE or LLDPE geomembrane and GCL) across the entire slope, protected by geotextile and cover soil, and geogrid reinforcement. The city has roughly one year to complete the reservoir project and must now seek approval to alter the design and include a lining system.

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